Discuss the circumstances under which Satyams fra Essays

Discuss the circumstances under which Satyam's fra Essays Discuss the circumstances under which Satyam's fraud was exposed. 1, the failure of the acquisition of Maytas Infra and Maytas Properties which are promoted by two sons of satyam's chairman, Ramalinga Raju.These two companies are considered as business companies where they held more than 35%portion stake (significant realted party transcation involved in the acquisition) 2,the investors strongly against this acquisition , share price fell off by 30% Media and investors started raising doubts over the corporate governance practices at Satyam - considering a share buyback 3,World Bank suspended Satyam for eight years from doing any business with itself (offering brides to obtain lucrative contracts) 4,an independent director resigned (not opposing to the acquisition) 5, Infrastucture Leasing and Financial Services Trust sold 4.41 million shares which results in the decrease in the raju and his family stake in Satyam 6, market capitalization eroded by 40 % 7,former senior executive in Satyam sent out an anonymous email to board members and then forward ( include details about financial irregularities and fraud at Satyam. What do you think were the reasons for the fraud? Could this fraud have been prevented? 1, Low profit margin (3%) and increasing competitionoverstate profits to maintain the share price level which can make sure Satyam was not subjected to a hostile takeover. 2, raju could first think that a minor adjustment could be in the general interest of everyone concerned (cover up bad performance and become unmanagemeable with company expands) 3,Experts refuse to believe that the operating profit of Satyam could be as low as 3%. This leads to speculation that some of the money could have been siphoned off. 2. Critically evaluate the corporate governance mechanisms adopted at Satyam. Did they help to prevent fraud? First - internal audit (team headed by CFO ( financial gap in actual and stated profits was known to senior officials including the chief operating officer and the CFO Second- external audit (Pwc) - higher audit fee twice as peers exists bride to hide accounting irregulations( improper verification of cash and bank balances) Third the board has the audit committee headed by an independent board member 3. What lessons are learned from the Satyam case? 1. Investigate All Inaccuracies The fraud scheme at Satyam started small. Sound familiar? A lot of fraud schemes start out small, with the perpetrator thinking that small changes here and there won't make a big difference - and are less likely to be detected. This sends a message to a lot of companies: if your accounts aren't balancing or if something seems inaccurate, even just a tiny bit, it's worth investigating. Break down tasks so that there are checks in each area. Dividing responsibilities across a team of people makes it easier to detect irregularities or misappropriated funds. 2. Ruined Reputations Fraud doesn't just look bad on a company, it looks bad on the whole industry. According to a Reuters article, Accounting Scandal at Satyam Could be India's Enron : "India's biggest corporate scandal in memory threatens future foreign investment flows into Asia's third-largest economy and casts a cloud over growth in its once-booming outsourcing sector. The news sent Indian equity markets into a tailspin, with Bombay's main benchmark index tumbling 7.3% and the Indian rupee fell." The Satyam scandal subjected even the company's Indian rivals to greater scrutiny by regulators, investors and the public. 3. Corporate Governance Needs to be Stronger The Satyam case is just another example supporting the need for stronger corporate governance. Companies mustbe carefulwhen selecting executives and top level managers. These are the people who set the tone for the company - if there's corruption at the top, it's bound to trickle down. Separate the role of CEO and Chairman of the Board. When the same person takes on both roles, who's left to check up on the CEO? Splitting up the roles helps avoid situations like the one at Satyam. Auditing firms, likePricewaterhouse Coopersalso need to be brought under the regulatory umbrella. Without monitoring, it will be difficult to tell if the auditor and the company are working together to tamper with the accounts.

Mutual Intelligibility Definition and Examples

Mutual Intelligibility Definition and Examples Mutual Intelligibility is a situation in which two or more speakers of a language (or of closely related languages) can understand each other. Mutual intelligibility is a continuum (that is, a gradient concept), marked by degrees of intelligibility, not by sharp divisions. Example and Observations [W]hat allows us to refer to something called English as if it were a single, monolithic language? A standard answer to this question rests on the notion of mutual intelligibility. That is, even though native speakers of English vary in their use of the language, their various languages are similar enough in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar to permit mutual intelligibility. . . . Hence, speaking the same language does not depend on two speakers speaking identical languages, but only very similar languages.(Adrian Akmajian, Richard Demers, Ann Farmer, and Robert Harnish, Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. MIT Press, 2001) The Mutual Intelligibility Test [The] distinction between language and dialect is based on the notion [of] mutual intelligibility: Dialects of the same language should be mutually intelligible, while different languages are not. This mutual intelligibility, in turn, would then be a reflection of the similarities between different varieties of speech.Unfortunately, the mutual-intelligibility test does not always lead to clear-cut results. Thus Scots English may at first be quite unintelligible to speakers of the various varieties of Standard American English, and vice versa. True, given enough time (and goodwill), mutual intelligibility can be achieved without too much effort. But given an even greater amount of time (and goodwill), and a greater effort, also French might become (mutually) intelligible for the same speakers of English. In addition, there are cases like Norwegian and Swedish which, because they have different standard varieties and literary traditions, would be called different languages by most people, including linguists, even though the two standard languages are mutually quite intelligible. Here, cultural and sociolinguistic considerations tend to overrule the mutual intelligibility test.(Hans Henrich Hoch, Principles of Histoprical Linguistics, 2nd ed. Mouton de Gruyter, 1991) One-Way Intelligibility [A]nother problem regarding the use of mutual intelligibility as a criterion [for defining a language is] that it need not be reciprocal, since A and B need not have the same degree of motivation for understanding each other, nor need they have the same amount of previous experience of each others varieties. Typically, it is easier for non-standard speakers to understand standard speakers than the other way round, partly because the former will have had more experience of the standard variety (notably through the media) than vice versa, and partly because they may be motivated to minimise the cultural differences between themselves and the standard speakers (though this is by no means necessarily so), while standard speakers may want to emphasize some differences.(Richard A. Hudson, Sociolinguistics, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2001) Theres a fat man who comes in here with pills sometimes and I cant understand a word he says. I told him Ive got no problem with wherever he comes from but I have to be able to understand him. He understands what Im saying and he talks louder. I dont hear well, but it doesnt help anything for him to say whatever it is hes saying in a louder voice.​(Glen Pourciau, Gone. Invite. University of Iowa Press, 2008) Bidialectalism and Mutual Intelligibility in The Color Purple Darlie trying to teach me how to talk. . . . Every time I say something the way I say it, she correct me until I say it some other way. Pretty soon it feel like I cant think. My mind run up on a thought, git confuse, run back and sort of lay down. . . . Look like to me only a fool would want you to talk in a way that feel peculiar to your mind.(Celie in The Color Purple by Alice Walker, 1982.) Also Known As: interintelligibility

Self reflection 03094 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self reflection 03094 - Essay Example and models and developed my understanding on how organization can cope up with the problems related to organizational culture and consequently establish harmony in the organizational context efficiently (Cameron and Quinn, 2011). In this reflective essay, I will discuss the critical opinion of researchers regarding organizational culture and its different perspective such as organizational changes, organizational learning and merger- acquisition. Organizational change is the process through which an organization introduces structural changes i.e. changes in its business strategies, technological involvement, operational methods and other attributes of organizational culture. My research has also shown that any organization, operating in the global multinational circumference, organizational change is inevitable for confirming its existence in the ever- changing business world and ensuring smooth running of its operations (Markovic, 2012). I have studied organizational change in the research of Battilana and Casciaro (2012) as a continuous process which is important for any organization to review the internal and external business environment over a distinct period of time and understand whether any changes are required to bring in the organization. My research on the theories introduced by Cameron and Green (2012) has revealed that various internal and external factors existing in the environment in which the business entity is operating, forces its management to bring changes in the organizational process. If I consider the external variables, changes in economic and political regulations such as increase in exchange rate or changes in trade regulations over time highly influences the business to change its short and long term decisions in order to safeguard the organization from realizing huge loss. Technological advancement also influences an organization to bring in changes so that the method of production becomes swifter and economic. In some cases, I

Out of town Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Out of town Brown - Essay Example Furthermore, she should explain to the reporter that when the Chief Probation Officer designated her as officer-in-charge, he did not give her authority to discuss the officers recommendations on any case under their watch. In the event where the reporter press Joan to make comments on the probably sentence of the offender, Joan should refrain from making any comments on this matter and ask the reporter to just wait for the official proclamation of the sentence of the offender on the scheduled date. Joan should never attempt to discuss her officers recommendations regarding the sentence of the "kiddie killer" until such time when such sentence has already been made final. Making any premature comments at this point will only raise speculations from the media and may put the Collier County Probation Department in a bad light. In the event where Joan elects to discuss the sentence of the "kiddie killer" with the reporter, she should make it clear to the reporter the reasons behind the sentence. First, she should be able to explain to the reporter that the present mental condition of the boy. Second, she should be able to make the reporter understand that the boy committed the crime after he was subjected to abuse by the victim for several years. Joan should make the reporter understand that the crime committed by the offender is not just one of those random acts of violence but rather it is a result of long years of mental and physical abuse. Third, Joan should make it clear to the reporter that based on expert evaluation; the boy is a low risk for recidivism which makes him relatively harmless to the people around him. Since he is as much a victim of the offense as was his stepfather, he should be given due considerations. A community-based sentence which will allow the boy to slowly reintegrate into soc iety and live a normal life is the most humane way to deal with

Development of Stratford Because of the Olympics Essay Example for Free

Development of Stratford Because of the Olympics Essay The 2012 Olympics were held in Stratford in the East of London, many of the events took place here. The Olympic park covered an area of 500 acres which features the new built Olympic stadium, the London aquatics centre, the basketball arena, the London velopark and the riverbank arena. Boxing, fencing, judo, table tennis etc. was in the river zone which is located both sides of the River Thames in the Thames gateway area. The central zone which includes venues such as the Wembley stadium (where the finals of football competitions took place) also the Wembley Arena (Badminton) and Wimbledon (Tennis), covered most of central and West London. Stratford was chosen because the London bid team persuaded the 10c that this part of East London was in need of regeneration. Stratford was also chosen because the bid also proved that the area had potential, Javelin trains would take only 7 minutes from London and also the rivers in the area could make the Olympic park look beautiful. Also alongside the old network of river and canals there was plenty of room for new development. This has been one of the most compact Olympic parks – only about 2  ½ square kilometres. Economic: Development will transform rundown rail lands into major shopping and business location. 120 shops and cafes. Environmental: Olympic village will be converted into permanent homes.  The development will attract homes, businesses and visitors because it will look improved and welcoming. Wide variety of open space.  Visionary urban design, architecture and transport projects. The Stratford area will be transformed from a derelict filthy city into a clean, modern city. The regeneration of Stratford will help it be noticed and it will be transformed into a totally new place. The place and people will be noticed in a different and better way. Stratford has been improved in a great way because in the long term massive, new sporting facilities have been built which will attract people as it is a legacy of the games. Also in the long term, old houses have been knocked down and re-built making Stratford look more modern and looked after. Another reason as to why Stratford has been improved is because of more jobs that have been created which will attract more people to the area and make it well known. Another benefit and improvement is that the Olympic park ‘largest Urban Park in Europe for 50 years’ will create a better image for London and East End. Increased participation in sport for young people has been increased making East London and London look like a great healthy place possibly persuading adults to live in London with their children so their children have a healthier and more active life. One of the improvements I have mentioned (old houses being knocked down and new ones being built) has been classed as a social issue because of complaints saying it will change the socio economic structure and the geography of Stratford. Some residents have been offended negatively from the development of Stratford as almost  £9.3 billion has been spent on the games with three quarters of it earmarked for regeneration and they say it is hard to see where the money has gone. This suggests to us that their area has been left and not improved leaving it as it is was and many other areas have been left as they are too. A positive impact on the residents is that their area is going to become well known because of the Olympics and also many more new modern homes and jobs are being created and becoming available. More positive reasons that have affected the residents are that they have reduced untidiness by removing any unnecessary railings, posts, bins and benches. Also they have improved the quality of open spaces and they have planted trees in groups along the road and introduce greenery too make the traffic seem less dominating.

integrated marketing and the many factors Essay -- essays research pap

â€Å"Integrated marketing communication simply recognises the need to plan and build up all relevant marketing communications so that they work together in harmony to the greatest effect with greatest efficiency† (Pickton and Broderick, 2001: 47) Linton and Morley â€Å"list ten potential benefits of integrated marketing communications† (Linton and Morley 1995: 124) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creative Integrity †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consistent Messages †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unbiased Marketing Recommendations †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Better Use of Media †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greater Marketing Precision †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operational Efficiency †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cost Savings †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High-calibre consistent service †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Easier working relations †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greater agency accountability In brief the value of IMC is that it will help an organization †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assess the market and set their objectives †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hone communication messages and target key stakeholders †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leverage resources †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Build internal databases and marketing resources †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tie together the tone and style of all corporate communications, collateral and advertising It is without question the main reason for using any combination of the core marketing activities is ...

Identify Factors That Help Your Company to Survive and Prosper

Well-structured business ensures that the business processes flow smoothly, and any problem that they face which hindrances their process can be solved immediately. Commonwealth Bank restructured the organization in 2001, and according to their strategic plan they will restructure in the future, to make sure the business to advance with the times. * Explanation and information As commonwealth Bank enters the global market the explanation for their services is vital. This is not only because of different cultures and languages in foreign markets, but also for the expanding in those markets through thorough explanation and providing information which includes the offer itself, price, conditions, rewards, benefits, etc. * Diversification and innovation During the 1970s, the Commonwealth bank diversified its business into areas like insurance and travel. After 1974, the bank also became more heavily involved in foreign currency trading and international banking in general. Commonwealth Bank created the first credit card in Australia in 1974 when it established Bankcard. In later years the bank began offering MasterCard (1984) and Visa (1993) cards as well. It is very for a firm in a service industry to be heavily innovative in order to survive in this fast growing demanding world. * Leadership, strategy and competitive advantage Commonwealth bank has a team of experienced people in its management which helps in organizing the workforce strategically. It also organizes leadership and talent based programs which allow the employees to learn the correct work attitude which they should adopt at work. Apart from this, it has also opened centers for the development of the advisors. CBA has a number of products and services which stand out from other banks. This is why at present products and services which Commonwealth has to offer have won numerous awards. On the other hand, it holds the number one position in the retail management fund of Australia and life insurance. * Maximize product satisfaction for customers CBA always makes a priority to provide products that satisfy their customers. Take credit card as an example, CBA has introduced a credit card for students with little or absolutely no income at all. By applying online for this credit cards the customers (students) get $50 cash bank into the account after activation. This can increase satisfaction level for customers and in turn make them loyal. (Commonwealth Bank, 2011). * Ethics In terms of the ethical and legal responsibilities, Commonwealth Bank has shown a firm commitment in maintaining an ethical workplace. The policy anticipates from the employees that they can easily raise their voice against the fraud and faulty conduct and bad administration done by others. The bank gives due attention to the implementation of these policies. These standards are communicated to the staff and employees from time to time. Apart from this, on the official website for Commonwealth Bank, there is a special link that lists the codes of conduct, which ensure the organization provides customers with a professional level of services.

Factors Influencing Working Capital Essay

The working capital needs of a firm are determined and influenced by various factors. A wide variety of considerations may affect the quantum of working capital required and these considerations may vary from time to time. The working capital needed at one point of time may not be good enough for some other situation. The determination of working capital requirement is a continuous process and must be undertaken on a regular basis in the light of the changing situations. Following are some of the factors which are relevant in determining the working capital needs of the firm: 1. Basic Nature of Business: The working capital requirement is closely related to the nature of the business of the firm. In case of a retail shop or a trading firm, the amount of working capital required is small enough. Most of the transactions are undertaken in cash and the length of the operating cycle is generally small. The trading concerns usually have smaller needs of working capital, however, in certain cases, large inventories of goods may be required and consequently the working capital may be large. In case of financial concerns (engaged in financial business) there may not be stock of goods but these firms do have to maintain sufficient liquidity all the times. In case of manufacturing concerns, different types of production processes are performed. One unit of raw material introduced in the production schedule may take a long period before it is available as finished goods for sale. Funds are blocked not only in raw materials but also in labor expenses and overheads at every stage of production. The operating cycle is usually a longer one and sales are made generally on credit terms. So, in case of manufacturing concerns, there is a requirement of substantial working capital. 2. Business Cycle Fluctuations: Different phases of business cycle i.e., boom, recession, recovery etc. also affect the working capital requirement. In case of boom conditions, inflationary pressure appears and business activities expand. As a result, the overall need for cash, inventories etc. increases resulting in more and more funds blocked in these current assets. Â  In case of recession period however, there is usually a dullness in business activities and there will be an opposite effect on the level of working capital requirement. There will be a fall in inventories and cash requirement etc. 3. Seasonal Operations: If a firm is operating in goods and services having seasonal fluctuations in demand, then the working capital requirement will also fluctuate with every change. In a cold drink factory, the demand will certainly be higher during summer season and therefore, more working capital is required to maintain higher production, in the form of larger inventories and bigger receivables. On the other hand, if the operations are smooth and even through out the year then the working capital requirement will be constant and will not be affected by the seasonal factors. 4. Market Competitiveness: The market competitiveness has an important bearing on the working capital needs of a firm. In view of the competitive conditions prevailing in the market, the firm may have to offer liberal credit terms to the customers resulting in higher debtors. Even larger inventories may be maintained to serve an order as and when received; otherwise the customer may go to some other supplier. Thus, the working capital tends to be high as a result of greater investment in inventories and receivable. On the other hand, a monopolistic firm may not require larger working capital. It may ask the customers to pay in advance or to wait for some time after placing the order. 5. Credit Policy: The credit policy means the totality of terms and conditions on which goods are sold and purchased. A firm has to interact with two types of credit policies at a time. One, the credit policy of the supplier of raw materials, goods etc., and two, the credit policy relating to credit which it extends to its customers. In both the cases, however, the firm while deciding its credit policy, has to take care of the credit policy of the market. For example, a firm might be purchasing goods and services on credit terms but selling goods only for cash. The working capital requirement of this firm will be lower than that of a firm which is purchasing cash but has to sell on credit basis. 6. Supply Conditions: The time taken by a supplier of raw materials, goods etc. after placing an order, also determines the working capital requirement. If goods are received as soon as or in a short period after placing an order, then the purchaser will not like to maintain a high level of inventory of that good. Otherwise, larger inventories should be kept e.g., in case of imported goods. It is often seen that the shopkeepers may not be keeping stock of all items, but whenever there is a demand, they procure from the wholesaler/producer and supply it to their customers. Thus, the working capital requirement of a firm is determined by a host of factors. Every consideration is to be weighted relatively to determine the working capital requirement. Further, the determination of working capital requirement is not once a while exercise, rather a continuous review must be made in order to assess the working capital requirement in the changing situation. There are various reasons which may require the review of the working capital requirement e.g., change in credit policy, change in sales volume etc.

Pluto and its features. How it was discovered, its measurements compared to Earth, its surface, and its atmosphere

Pluto and its features. How it was discovered, its measurements compared to Earth, its surface, and its atmosphere Pluto....A Controversial Planet!Pluto is a very controversial planet. The reason for this is because it's a dark and distant planet and it's hard to study it clearly enough to be satisfied. Pluto was discovered in 1930 by an astronomer by the name of Clyde Tombaugh. Then James Christy and Robert Harrington discovered Pluto had a satellite, they named it Charon. Pluto and Charon are referred to as double planets. Some of the facts, or measurements, that we know about Pluto are from discovery efforts such as new inventions and long studies. There was supposed to be a scheduled mission in 2001 called the "Pluto Express Mission," and was expected to arrive at Pluto around 2006-2008, but there's no source that could tell if that went ahead as planned or if it was cancelled.From these discovery efforts we learned some data on Pluto. Specifically the measurements compared to the earth.Charon's discovery as a time-varying bulge on the ...So, the distance of Pluto from the sun is 5,913,520 x 103 kilometers, and Earth's is 149,600 x 10 3 kilometers. This should give an idea of how far away Pluto is in comparison. Another comparison between Pluto and Earth would be the radius of Pluto compared to the radius of the Earth. Pluto's radius is 1160 and Pluto's moon, Charon, diameter is 1,172 kilometers (728 miles), just over half the size of Pluto. The Earth's radius is roughly 6378 kilometers, nearly 6 times the size of Pluto! Next, will be the density of each Pluto and the Earth in comparison. Pluto's density is 2.05 g/cm3 and the Earth's density is 5.52 g/cm3. This means Pluto may be smaller but it still has a lot of density to it. The Orbital Period of Pluto is a lot longer than the Earth's because of obvious reasons. Those would...

How to Calculate the Mean or Average

How to Calculate the Mean or Average Given a list of numbers, it is easy to determine the arithmetic mean,  or average. The average is simply the sum of the numbers in a given problem, divided by the number of numbers added together. For example, if four number are added together their sum is divided by four to find the average or arithmetic mean. Average or arithmetic mean is sometimes confused with two other concepts: mode and median. The mode is the most frequent value in a set of numbers, while the median is the number in the middle of the range of a given set.  Ã‚   Uses and Applications Its important to know how to calculate the mean or average of a set of numbers. Among other things, this will allow you to calculate your grade point average. However, youll need to calculate the mean for several other situations, too. The concept of an average allows statisticians, demographers, economists, biologists, and other researchers to better understand the most common situations. For example, by determining the average income of an American family and comparing it to the average cost of a home, its possible to better understand the magnitude of economic challenges facing most American families. Similarly, by looking at the average temperature in a particular area at a particular time of year, its possible to predict the probable weather and make a wide range of decisions appropriately. Issues and Pitfalls While averages can be very useful tools, they can also be misleading for a variety of reasons. In particular, averages can obscure the information contained in data sets. Here are a few examples of how averages can be misleading: Johns grades include a 4.5 in math, a 4.0 in science, a 2.0 in English and a 2.5 in History. After averaging his scores, his advisor decided that John is a straight B student. In fact, however, John is quite talented in math and science and needs remediation in English and history.Ten people were in a room. One woman in the room was pregnant. Based on the average, therefore, everyone in the room was .1% pregnant. This is, of course, a false and ridiculous finding! The Calculation In general, you calculate the mean or average of a set of numbers by adding them all up and dividing by how many numbers you have. This can be defined as follows: For a set of numbers, {x1, x2, x3, ... xj} the mean or average is the sum of all x divided by j. Worked Examples Lets start with an easy example. Calculate the mean of the following set of numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 To do this, add up the numbers and divide by how many numbers you have (5 of them, in this case). mean (1 2 3 4 5)/5 mean 15/5 mean 3 Heres another example of calculating the mean. Calculate the mean of the following set of numbers: 25, 28, 31, 35, 43, 48 How many numbers are there? 6. So, add together all of the numbers and divide the total by 6 in order to get the mean. mean (25 28 31 35 43 48)/6 mean 210/6 mean 35

WITHHOLDING INFORMATION CASE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

WITHHOLDING INFORMATION CASE - Research Paper Example Negotiation process entails three primary ethical systems that provide the guidance for the parties participating; for instance, the ethics of purposes, ethics of principles or the ethics of the consequences. Ethics of purposes takes in principles in relation to the Aristotles views concerning the ethics. Aristotle argued that human beings are just naturally good and, as a result, will have no obligation to work with the objectivity of realizing the positive fruits at the end of the work session (Falvo, 2011). However, the same human beings must use the positive ways and means of getting to the conclusion of the matter before them. As result, such negotiations that tend to ignore the ethics presented in this view may not, in this case, reach the positive end of the matter. In the case of the ethics of principle, the principle presents its arguments in relation to the deontological ethics of Emmanuel Kant. Kant argued that human beings are always irrational and, as a result, will strive towards doing that particular activity that is right as the society expects that from them always. In addition, the human beings under this form of ethics will only adopt the use of the rational ways of doing activities and intern realizing what they intend to achieve their objective plans. Negotiators who go for the option of this principle apply the methodologies considered to be of rational and appropriate so as to find the solution to the problem (Cohn, 2007). The case of the ethics of the consequences takes care of the analysis of the possible outcomes of the present actions. As a result, this form of ethics finds it way of use among people in the evaluation of the actions from the positive outcomes of the most concerned parties in the negotiation process (Falvo, 2011). Consequential ethics, on the other hand, does not consider the importance of the means used to reach the goals.